# OVIC Benchmarker for CVPR 2019

This folder contains the SDK for track one of the [Low Power ImageNet Recognition Challenge workshop at CVPR 2019.](https://lpirc.ecn.purdue.edu/)

## Pre-requisite

Follow the steps [here](https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/demo_android) to install Tensorflow, Bazel, and the Android NDK and SDK.

## Test the benchmarker:

The testing utilities helps the developers (you) to make sure that your submissions in TfLite format will be processed as expected in the competition's benchmarking system.

Note: for now the tests only provides correctness checks, i.e. classifier predicts the correct category on the test image, but no on-device latency measurements. To test the latency measurement functionality, the tests will print the latency running on a desktop computer, which is not indicative of the on-device run-time.
We are releasing an benchmarker Apk that would allow developers to measure latency on their own devices.

### Obtain the sample models

The test data (models and images) should be downloaded automatically for you by Bazel. In case they are not, you can manually install them as below.

Note: all commands should be called from your tensorflow installation folder (under this folder you should find `tensorflow/lite`).


* Download the [testdata package](https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/ovic_2018_10_23.zip):

```sh
curl -L https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/ovic_2019_04_30.zip -o /tmp/ovic.zip
```

* Unzip the package into the testdata folder:

```sh
unzip -j /tmp/ovic.zip -d tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/src/testdata/
```

### Run tests

You can run test with Bazel as below. This helps to ensure that the installation is correct.

```sh
bazel test --cxxopt=--std=c++11 //tensorflow/lite/java/ovic:OvicClassifierTest --cxxopt=-Wno-all --test_output=all

bazel test --cxxopt=--std=c++11 //tensorflow/lite/java/ovic:OvicDetectorTest --cxxopt=-Wno-all --test_output=all
```

### Test your submissions

Once you have a submission that follows the instructions from the [competition site](https://gdoc.pub/doc/e/2PACX-1vSFTEMAE_N6RgtidT-4DVTje6f6HRJv7Q_zaCab5H66BFyqEiZ8PsUfD_-YmBE7_z67qDiNgk-CJqeE), you can verify it in two ways:

#### Validate using randomly generated images

You can call the validator binary below to verify that your model fits the format requirements. This often helps you to catch size mismatches (e.g. output for classification should be [1, 1001] instead of [1,1,1,1001]). Let say the submission file is located at `/path/to/my_model.lite`, then call:

```sh
bazel build --cxxopt=--std=c++11 //tensorflow/lite/java/ovic:ovic_validator --cxxopt=-Wno-all
bazel-bin/tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/ovic_validator /path/to/my_model.lite classify
```

Successful validation should print the following message to terminal:

```
Successfully validated /path/to/my_model.lite.

```

To validate detection models, use the same command but provide "detect" as the second argument instead of "classify".


#### Test that the model produces sensible outcomes

You can go a step further to verify that the model produces results as expected. This helps you catch bugs during TOCO conversion (e.g. using the wrong mean and std values).

* Move your submission to the testdata folder:

```sh
cp /path/to/my_model.lite tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/src/testdata/
```

* Resize the test image to the resolutions that are expected by your submission:

The test images can be found at `tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/src/testdata/test_image_*.jpg`. You may reuse these images if your image resolutions are 128x128 or 224x224.

* Add your model and test image to the BUILD rule at `tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/src/testdata/BUILD`:

```JSON
filegroup(
    name = "ovic_testdata",
    srcs = [
        "@tflite_ovic_testdata//:detect.lite",
        "@tflite_ovic_testdata//:float_model.lite",
        "@tflite_ovic_testdata//:low_res_model.lite",
        "@tflite_ovic_testdata//:quantized_model.lite",
        "@tflite_ovic_testdata//:test_image_128.jpg",
        "@tflite_ovic_testdata//:test_image_224.jpg"
        "my_model.lite",        # <--- Your submission.
        "my_test_image.jpg",    # <--- Your test image.
    ],
    ...
```

* For classification models, modify `OvicClassifierTest.java`:
  * change `TEST_IMAGE_PATH` to `my_test_image.jpg`.

  * change either `FLOAT_MODEL_PATH` or `QUANTIZED_MODEL_PATH` to `my_model.lite` depending on whether your model runs inference in float or [8-bit](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/tree/master/tensorflow/contrib/quantize).

  * change `TEST_IMAGE_GROUNDTRUTH` (ImageNet class ID) to be consistent with your test image.

* For detection models, modify `OvicDetectorTest.java`:
  * change `TEST_IMAGE_PATH` to `my_test_image.jpg`.
  * change `MODEL_PATH` to `my_model.lite`.
  * change `GROUNDTRUTH` (COCO class ID) to be consistent with your test image.

Now you can run the bazel tests to catch any runtime issues with the submission.

Note: Please make sure that your submission passes the test. If a submission fails to pass the test it will not be processed by the submission server.

## Measure on-device latency

We provide two ways to measure the on-device latency of your submission. The first is through our competition server, which is reliable and repeatable, but is limited to a few trials per day. The second is through the benchmarker Apk, which requires a device and may not be as accurate as the server, but has a fast turn-around and no access limitations. We recommend that the participants use the benchmarker apk for early development, and reserve the competition server for evaluating promising submissions.

### Running the benchmarker app

Make sure that you have followed instructions in [Test your submissions](#test-your-submissions) to add your model to the testdata folder and to the corresponding build rules.

Modify `tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/demo/app/OvicBenchmarkerActivity.java`:

* Add your model to the benchmarker apk by changing `modelPath` and `testImagePath` to your submission and test image.

```
  if (benchmarkClassification) {
    ...
    testImagePath = "my_test_image.jpg";
    modelPath = "my_model.lite";
  } else {  // Benchmarking detection.
  ...
```
If you are adding a detection model, simply modify `modelPath` and `testImagePath` in the else block above.

* Adjust the benchmark parameters when needed:

You can change the length of each experiment, and the processor affinity below.
`BIG_CORE_MASK` is an integer whose binary encoding represents the set of used
cores. This number is phone-specific. For example, Pixel 2 has 8 cores: the 4
little cores are represented by the 4 less significant bits, and the 4 big cores
by the 4 more significant bits. Therefore a mask value of 16, or in binary
`00010000`, represents using only the first big core. The mask 32, or in binary
`00100000` uses the second big core and should deliver identical results as the
mask 16 because the big cores are interchangeable.

```
  /** Wall time for each benchmarking experiment. */
  private static final double WALL_TIME = 3000;
  /** Maximum number of iterations in each benchmarking experiment. */
  private static final int MAX_ITERATIONS = 100;
  /** Mask for binding to a single big core. Pixel 1 (4), Pixel 2 (16). */
  private static final int BIG_CORE_MASK = 16;
```

Note: You'll need ROOT access to the phone to change processor affinity.

* Build and install the app.

```
bazel build -c opt --cxxopt=--std=c++11 --cxxopt=-Wno-all //tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/demo/app:ovic_benchmarker_binary
adb install -r bazel-bin/tensorflow/lite/java/ovic/demo/app/ovic_benchmarker_binary.apk
```

Start the app and pick a task by clicking either the `CLF` button for classification or the `DET` button for detection. The button should turn bright green, signaling that the experiment is running. The benchmarking results will be displayed after about the `WALL_TIME` you specified above. For example:

```
my_model.lite: Average latency=158.6ms after 20 runs.
```

### Sample latencies

Note: the benchmarking results can be quite different depending on the background processes running on the phone. A few things that help stabilize the app's readings are placing the phone on a cooling plate, restarting the phone, and shutting down internet access.

| Classification Model | Pixel 1 latency (ms)  | Pixel 2 latency (ms) |
| -------------------- |:---------------------:| --------------------:|
|  float_model.lite    | 120                   | 155                  |
| quantized_model.lite | 85                    | 74                   |
|  low_res_model.lite  | 4.2                   | 4.0                  |


| Detection Model      | Pixel 2 latency (ms)  |
| -------------------- |:---------------------:|
|  detect.lite         | 331                   |
| quantized_detect.lite | 95                    |
| quantized_fpnlite.lite | 119   |


Since Pixel 2 has excellent support for 8-bit quantized models, we strongly recommend you to check out the [quantization training tutorial](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/tree/master/tensorflow/contrib/quantize).

The detection models above are both single-shot models (i.e. no object proposal generation) using TfLite's *fast* version of Non-Max-Suppression (NMS). The fast NMS is significant faster than the regular NMS (used by the ObjectDetectionAPI in training) at the expense of about 1% mAP for the listed models.


### Latency table

We have compiled a latency table for common neural network operators such as
convolutions, separable convolutions, and matrix multiplications.
The table of results is available here:

* https://storage.cloud.google.com/ovic-data/latency_table.csv

The results were generated by creating a small network containing a single
operation, and running the op under the test harness. For more details see the
NetAdapt paper<sup>1</sup>. We plan to expand table regularly as we test with
newer OS releases and updates to Tensorflow Lite.


### Sample benchmarks

Below are the baseline models (8-bit quantized MobilenetV2 and floating point
MnasNet) used to compute the reference accuracy for ImageNet classification. The
naming convention of the models are `[model class]_[resolution]_[multiplier]`.
Latency (ms) is measured on a single Pixel 2 big core using the competition
server on April 30th 2019.

Model                     | Latency | Top-1 Accuracy
:-----------------------: | :-----: | :------------:
quant_mobilenetv2_96_35   | 4       | 0.420
quant_mobilenetv2_96_50   | 6       | 0.478
quant_mobilenetv2_128_35  | 7       | 0.474
quant_mobilenetv2_128_50  | 10      | 0.546
quant_mobilenetv2_96_75   | 10      | 0.560
quant_mobilenetv2_160_35  | 11      | 0.534
quant_mobilenetv2_96_100  | 13      | 0.579
quant_mobilenetv2_160_50  | 15      | 0.583
quant_mobilenetv2_192_35  | 16      | 0.557
quant_mobilenetv2_128_75  | 17      | 0.611
float_mnasnet_96_100      | 19      | 0.625
quant_mobilenetv2_128_100 | 20      | 0.629
quant_mobilenetv2_192_50  | 20      | 0.616
quant_mobilenetv2_224_35  | 21      | 0.581
quant_mobilenetv2_160_75  | 26      | 0.646
quant_mobilenetv2_224_50  | 28      | 0.637
quant_mobilenetv2_160_100 | 31      | 0.674
float_mnasnet_224_50      | 36      | 0.679
quant_mobilenetv2_192_75  | 36      | 0.674
quant_mobilenetv2_192_100 | 44      | 0.695
float_mnasnet_160_100     | 46      | 0.706
quant_mobilenetv2_224_75  | 50      | 0.684
float_mnasnet_224_75      | 59      | 0.718
quant_mobilenetv2_224_100 | 60      | 0.704
float_mnasnet_192_100     | 66      | 0.724
float_mnasnet_224_100     | 91      | 0.742
float_mnasnet_224_130     | 135     | 0.758

### References

1. **NetAdapt: Platform-Aware Neural Network Adaptation for Mobile
   Applications**<br />
   Yang, Tien-Ju, Andrew Howard, Bo Chen, Xiao Zhang, Alec Go, Mark Sandler,
   Vivienne Sze, and Hartwig Adam. In Proceedings of the European Conference
   on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 285-300. 2018<br />
  [[link]](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.03230) arXiv:1804.03230, 2018.

