# Units: A Unit Conversion Program and Scientific Calculator

## Table of Contents

- 1 Overview of `units`
- 2 Interacting with `units`
- 3 Using `units` Non-Interactively
- 4 Unit Definitions
  - 4.1 English Customary Units
- 5 Unit Expressions
  - 5.1 Operators
  - 5.2 Sums and Differences of Units
  - 5.3 Numbers as Units
  - 5.4 Built-in Functions
  - 5.5 Previous Result
  - 5.6 Complicated Unit Expressions
  - 5.7 Backwards Compatibility: ‘`*`’ and ‘`-`’
- 6 Nonlinear Unit Conversions
  - 6.1 Temperature Conversions
  - 6.2 Other Nonlinear Units
- 7 Unit Lists: Conversion to Sums of Units
- 8 Logging Calculations
- 9 Invoking `units`
- 10 Adding Your Own Definitions
  - 10.1 Units Data Files
  - 10.2 Defining New Units and Prefixes
  - 10.3 Defining Nonlinear Units
  - 10.4 Defining Piecewise Linear Units
  - 10.5 Defining Unit List Aliases
- 11 Numeric Output Format
  - 11.1 Format Specification
  - 11.2 Flags
  - 11.3 Field Width
  - 11.4 Precision
- 12 Localization
  - 12.1 Locale
  - 12.2 Additional Localization
- 13 Environment Variables
- 14 Data Files
- 15 Unicode Support
- 16 Readline Support
- 17 Updating Currency Exchange Rates
- 18 Database Command Syntax
- 19 GNU Free Documentation License
- Index

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# Units Conversion

This manual describes the `units` command for units conversion and how you can use it as a powerful scientific calculator that keeps track of units. This is Edition 2.11 of The Units Conversion Manual for `units` Version 2.12.

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